Selective attention depends on goal-directed and stimulus-driven modulatory factors, each relayed by different brain rhythms. Under certain circumstances, stress-related states can change the balance between goal-directed and stimulus-driven factors. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. In this study, we explored how psychosocial stress can modulate brain rhythms during an attentional task and a task-free period. We recorded the EEG and ECG activity of 42 healthy participants subjected to either the Trier Social Stress Test, a controlled procedure to (...) induce stress, or a comparable control protocol, flanked by an attentional task, a 90 s of task-free period and a state of anxiety questionnaire. We observed that psychosocial stress induced an increase in heart rate, self-reported anxiety, and alpha power synchronization. Also, psychosocial stress evoked a relative beta power increase during correct trials of the attentional task, which correlates positively with anxiety and heart rate increase, and inversely with attentional accuracy. These results suggest that psychosocial stress affects performance by redirecting attentional resources toward internal threat-related thoughts. An increment of endogenous top-down modulation reflected an increased beta-band activity that may serve as a compensatory mechanism to redirect attentional resources toward the ongoing task. The data obtained here may contribute to designing new ways of clinical management of the human stress response in the future and could help to minimize the damaging effects of persistent stressful experiences. (shrink)

Dysfunctions of the neural circuits that implement social behavior are necessary but not a sufficient condition to develop schizophrenia. We propose that schizophrenia represents a disease of general connectivity that impairs not only the “social brain” networks, but also different neural circuits related with higher cognitive and perceptual functions. We discuss possible mechanisms and evolutionary considerations.

We commend Arbib for his original proposal that a mirror neuron system may have participated in language origins. However, in our view he proposes a complex evolutionary scenario that could be more parsimonious. We see no necessity to propose a hand-based signing stage as ancestral to vocal communication. The prefrontal system involved in human speech may have its precursors in the monkey's inferior frontal cortical domain, which is responsive to vocalizations and is related to laryngeal control.

This study was designed to investigate the trust relationship between parents and teachers in first grade. Additional research questions were whether trust was related to ethnicity and reading performance. The five facets of trust; benevolence, reliability, competence, honesty and openness, were measured on a 4-point Likert scale. Reading performance was measured by the three-minute test. Parents were found to have more trust in the reliability, competence and honesty of teachers than teachers in parents. Native-Dutch and immigrant parents have the same (...) trust level towards their children?s teacher. However, teachers reported lower trust levels on all five facets of trust for immigrant parents. Our findings indicated that ethnicity has no influence on parents trust in teachers, but ethnicity may explain teachers? trust in parents. Some support was found for the assumption that teachers? trust plays a role in reading performance. Children were found to have higher reading performance when teachers reported higher trust in the benevolence and openness of parents. (shrink)

Attachment theory proposes that the activation of the attachment system enacts emotion regulation (ER) to maintain security or cope with insecurity. However, the effects of ER on attachment states and their bidirectional influences remain poorly understood. In this ecological momentary assessment study, we examined the dynamics between attachment and ER. We hypothesised that attachment states and ER influence each other through time. Specifically, we hypothesised bidirectional short-term cycles between state attachment security and reappraisal, state attachment anxiety and rumination, and state (...) attachment avoidance and suppression. We also tested how trait attachment is related to state attachment and ER. One hundred twenty-two participants (Mage = 26.4) completed the Experiences in Close Relationship–Revised and reported state attachment and ER seven times daily for seven days. The results were only partly consistent with our cycle hypotheses yet revealed a cycle between low state attachment security and rumination that was attenuated by reappraisal. Moreover, rumination and suppression predicted increased insecure states, and reappraisal predicted increased secure and insecure states. Finally, trait attachment showed associations with state attachment and ER. Our study suggests regulatory dynamics between attachment and ER and opens important questions about their functional relationship in maintaining attachment-related behavioural patterns and emotional well-being. (shrink)

BackgroundExtremely violent events such as terrorist attacks and mass shootings form a severe risk for the health and wellbeing of affected individuals. In this study based on a public health monitor, we focus on the health impact of the Utrecht tram shooting, which took place in the morning of March 18th 2019. A lone gunman opened fire on passengers within a moving tram. Four people died, and six people were injured in this attack. The attack resulted in nationwide commotion and (...) drew much media attention. Aim of this study was to increase insight into the health effects for the survivors, and whether they received the needed care and support.MethodsSemi-structured interviews with accompanying questionnaires were conducted at six and 18 months post-attack. Overall, 21 survivors participated in the first series of interviews, 15 in the second series. Qualitative data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, quantitative data was only described because of the low sample size.ResultsAt both six and 18 months after the attack many survivors had been able to resume daily life, and most rated their overall health as good or excellent. At the same time, a substantial portion suffered from health problems such as posttraumatic stress symptoms and other complaints, and needed professional care. Furthermore, those in need did not always find their own way to appropriate care through the existing health system: half of the survivors still needed support in finding the right care 18 months later.ConclusionAlthough the design and implementation of this public health monitor were accompanied by multiple challenges, it was possible to track a portion of the survivors and gain insight in the considerable health burden of the attack. Also, it is clear in this study that the health impact of terrorism affects survivors in the long run and requires attention from health authorities and professionals, as survivors were not able to find the right care by themselves. (shrink)

Jair Bolsonaro, the current President of Brazil, has made himself into one of the most influent advocates of COVID-19 denial. His health policy and his political doctrine are partly based on an implicit moral claim, which is neglected by contemporary political theory. Bolsonarism’s rhetoric raises a moral claim to freedom without responsibility, which relieves its followers from the burdens that emerge from liberal accounts of liberty or from basic goods accepted in a political community. In opposition to liberal or communitarian (...) accounts, Bolsonarism endorses a Hobbesian concept of freedom that describes it as the absence of ‘impediments to motion’. Nonetheless, it differs from Hobbes because it treats this liberty as endowed with moral value and non-negotiable through a social contract. (shrink)

Para el historiador mexicano Edmundo O’Gorman la reflexión filosófica se constituyó en un arma o en un instrumento, cuya eficacia y necesidad surgieron de la lectura de diversas interpretaciones de los procesos históricos y de las meditaciones acerca de su naturaleza y su sentido. En su juventud O’Gorman se entusiasmó por el historicismo, pero posteriormente prefirió no adscribirse a una corriente o escuela específica sino a una tradición. Para O’Gorman, Vico forma parte del linaje de los historiadores a quienes no (...) interesa la historia comprobada sino la historia comprendida, no la constatación rigurosa de los hechos, sino su articulación en la dinámica global del pensamiento. Por eso ambos tienen coincidencias en sus reflexiones sobre la naturaleza del conocimiento histórico, la función de la imaginación, los métodos para entender la diversidad cultural y, sobre todo, el problema de aprehender una “universalidad racional” que no se limite al orden técnico–instrumental.PALABRAS CLAVE: Vico, Edmundo O’Gorman, historicismo, historia, pensamiento hispánico.According to the Mexican historian Edmundo O’Gorman, philosophical reflection was constituted as an arm, or as an instrument, which’s efficacy and necessity emerged from different interpretations of historical processes, and from meditations as to its nature and meaning. In his youth, O’Gorman was enthusiastic about historicism, but later we preferred not to be ascribed to any specific trend or school, but to a tradition. O’Gorman considers Vico as one of those historians who are not interested in history as something to be checked, but as something to be understood; not in the rigorous confirmation of facts, but in its articulation in the global dynamics of thought. Therefore, there are coincidences in their reflections on the nature of historical knowledge, the function of imagination, the methods to understand cultural diversity and, mainly, theproblem of getting an ‘universal rationality’ which would not be limited to the technical or instrumental order.KEYWORDS: Vico, Edmundo O’Gorman, historicism, history, Hispanic thought. (shrink)

Proponer la existencia de filosofía en América Latina se convierte para muchos en un problema. Más dificultades se generarán ahora al proponer la existencia de una estética latinoamericana, teniendo como representante a un pensador colombiano: Nicolás Gómez Dávila. En medio de la obra de este pensador logramos entresacar una serie de códigos estéticos que, si bien están heredados de las concepciones europeas de la estética, podrían darnos atisbos de una mirada distinta otorgada por la observación de objetos y hechos generados (...) por el mestizaje sucedido en medio de tierras fértiles, agrestes y exuberantes como las de nuestra geografía. Realizar esta presentación implica repasar un legado existente, pero olvidado, por lo que actualizar una experiencia filosófica rica que, aunque presente, no se ha manifestado en nuestro medio de manera suficiente. Como objetivos principales de este ejercicio investigativo están: argumentar a favor del ejercicio filosófico realizado en Latinoamérica;proponer el ejercicio aforístico de Gómez Dávila como una aportación colombiana en torno a la estética filosófica; y repasar algunos tópicos estéticos que queremos entresacar en la obra de este autor para realizar un ejercicio hermenéutico de los mismos. Con este trabajo se espera alcanzar no solamente ecos en nuestro medio sino en las distintas latitudes donde ya el autor es reconocido, pero ahora desde la estética. La metodología empleada en esta investigación es realizada desde un ejercicio hermenéutico, en la perspectiva gadameriana. Esperamos proponer, como resultado principal, argumentos que corroboren las aportaciones de Gómez Dávila a la estética desde una perspectiva latinoamericana. Finalmente, concluimos que la estética de Gómez Dávila es de estilo clásicocon vínculos metafísicos, asociada a un canon griego y con una clara perspectiva cristiana, pero que ha sido elaborada por una mente perteneciente a un contexto latinoamericano, del cual no debemos extraer de ningún modo.AbstractTo suggest the existence of philosophy in Latin America becomes a problem for many. Even more difficulties are generated by proposing the existence of a Latin American Aesthetics, having as its representative a Colombian thinker: Nicolás Gómez Dávila. In the midst of this thinker’s work, we were able to identify a series of aesthetic codes which, although inherited from the European concepts of aesthetics, could give us glimpses of a different perspective given by the observation of objects and events generated by the miscegenation that took place in the midst of lush, rugged and fertile lands as those of our geography. To attempt his presentation involves reviewing an existing but forgotten legacy, and updating a rich philosophical experience that, although present, does not manifest in our environment sufficiently. The objectives of this research are: arguing for the philosophy made in Latin America; propose the aphoristic exercise of Gómez Dávila as a Colombian contribution to the field of aesthetics; and review some aesthetic issues that we want to conclude in the work of this author to conduct a hermeneutic exercise thereof. With this paper I expect to reach not only echoes in our philosophical community but in also in other latitudes where Gomez-Davila is already recognized, but now fromthe point of view of aesthetics. The methodology used in this research entailed a hermeneutic exercise, in the perspective of Gadamer. We propose some arguments supporting the contributions of Gómez-Dávila aesthetics from a Latin American perspective. Finally, we conclude that the aesthetics of Gómez-Dávila is of a classic style with metaphysical links, associated with a Greek canon and with a clear Christian perspective, but that it has been developed by a mind that belongs to a Latin American context, from which we cannot intend to separate it in any way. (shrink)

The thought of Nicolás Gómez Dávila is a great absent in the academic atmosphere of our Nation. This article’s intention is to present its principal assumptions, to measure its argumentative richness that could back up a true philosophical thought in our land. To revise his personal opinions in regards to different issues, such as his critique of democracy, modern rationality, Christianity, among others, might help us as an excuse to read a scholar that, though did not leave an immense production, (...) wrote a most interesting series of annotations and texts, that could appeal to every person interested in knowledge. Through his writings, there can be observed the critical view of a man that was raised in tradition: Philosopher, Christian, polyglot, a self-confessed reactionary. However, there is too a tinge of innovation, that turns his reading into something passionate. Thus, Gómez Dávila challenges his reader to know more, from the exquisiteness of his language he tempts the reader to discover even more... from his annotation he suggests the novelty, based in the tradition of thought of which he is extremely familiar with. (shrink)

https://revistes.uab.cat/enrahonar/article/view/v21-eggers.

_ Source: _Volume 56, Issue 3-4, pp 222 - 240 In medieval theories of consequence, we encounter several criteria of validity. One of these is known as the containment criterion: a consequence is valid when the consequent is contained or understood in the antecedent. The containment criterion was formulated most frequently in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, but it can be found in earlier writings as well. In _The Tradition of the Topics in the Middle Ages_, N.J. Green-Pedersen claimed that (...) this criterion originated with Boethius. In this article, the author shows that a notion of containment is indeed present in Boethius, but is not used to define or describe the relation between antecedent and consequent, i.e., the relation of consequence, as Green-Pedersen asserted. The author then offers two interpretations of the notion of containment that are present in Boethius – a metaphysical and a semantic interpretation – and shows how these relate to the containment criterion. (shrink)

How does one make sense of a naked prophet who walked the streets of Jerusalem for no less than three years? This contribution interpreted the ambulatory naked prophet in Isaiah 20 as a sign-act by means of symbolic interactionism and performative interpretation according to which symbolic or sign-acts are multivalent entities. Isaiah 20 was interpreted as an embodied, multivalent text that invited ongoing appropriation among subsequent audiences while exploring the potential meaning(s) of the initial act within the parameters of text (...) and context. It is presupposed that human beings reinterpret symbolic acts in different subsequent contexts and that a symbolic act should never be reduced to one single (original!) meaning – this reinterpretation process is illustrated by the Septuagint translation of Isaiah 20. Furthermore, the question will be posed how one could interpret and appropriate a disruptive and ‘foolish’ prophetic and symbolic act of public exposure – Isaiah as an ‘agent provocateur’?Contribution: The performative critique of Isaiah 20 drew attention to the neglected multivalent character of the initial sign-act that enabled ongoing appropriations (‘Fortschreibung’) in new contexts of competing power relations. At first the sign-act was relevant for its pre-exilic audience, then for the post-exilic and even later for a Hellenistic audience by means of the Septuagint version. It also illustrated that text interpretation can be a catalyst that unsettles and disrupts power (within and beyond academic and believing communities), even when it is considered folly. (shrink)

In Christian tradition, the name of the Biblical Thomas is connected primarily to the story of John 20: 27 in which the apostle in invited by Jesus to touch his tortured body. This invitation is the result of Thomas’ prior scepticism to the reality of the resurrection. Contrary to popular belief, the text of John does not indicate clearly if Thomas accepts Jesus’ offer. John creates a narrative gap for the readers to fill in, stimulating the reader to contemplate the (...) relationship between the notion of seeing, touching and believing, and their mutual dependency. In this historical-literary article, the author investigates this literary dependency in the synoptic gospels, John’s gospel, several apocryphal texts, and four famous paintings, all focussing on the character of Thomas, in search of the different ways in which these authors and artists try to fill in John’s apparent narrative gap. (shrink)

Este artículo busca poner de manifiesto el pensamiento de María Zambrano en relación con la educación, para ello apelaremos a algunos de sus manuscritos: El Aula, La vida de las aulas, el espejo de las aulas y entre el ver y el escuchar, dado que los elementos allí tratados respecto al aula, la atención y los sentidos, actualmente cobran total vigencia, máxime si se considera que los avances tecnológicos proponen hoy al respecto una nueva re-significación, asunto que a su vez (...) conlleva nuevos desafíos para la comunidad académica, no obstante el llamado de la filósofa es que el docente, independientemente de los recursos que medien el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, procure mantener el sentido de humanidad que debe sustentar la acción educativa, en tiempos donde la deshumanización coloniza más terreno. (shrink)

La presente investigación con diseño metodológico experimental, de tipo cualitativa con un aprendizaje basado en método de observación a 15 estudiantes en cada grupo, como propuesta didáctica extracurricular, realizada dentro de la asignatura de Química General del tronco común en Ingeniería, implantada en tres semestres consecutivos 2018-1, 2018-2 y 2019-1, en el Laboratorio de Química, de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Campus Guadalupe Victoria del Valle de Mexicali, en Baja California, México. La materia de Química General, es de carácter (...) obligatorio y está ubicado en el segundo semestre del tronco común de las ciencias de la ingeniería. (shrink)

Amsterdam University Press is a leading publisher of academic books, journals and textbooks in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Our aim is to make current research available to scholars, students, innovators, and the general public. AUP stands for scholarly excellence, global presence, and engagement with the international academic community.

Architecture has often served a variety of purposes in addition to that of mere functionality. Different categories of meanings can be distinguished. In this essay some aspects of political meaning in medieval architecture will be discussed. The architecture of churches commissioned for instance by bishops, archbishops, provosts or other high-ranking clerical patrons was often used to express views about the status and position of both patron and institution. Rivalling patrons could copy those parts of each other's churches that were considered (...) essential and characteristic. Buildings were thus often symbols, not only of the Church and of Heavenly Jerusalem, but also of an idealized history and an aspired status and position. (shrink)

The ninth century Heliand is a poetic retelling of the New Testament in Old Saxon, written by an anonymous monk for the purpose of confirming the conversion his fellow Saxons to the new faith. This conversion had been forced upon them by the Frankish invaders. The author adepts the story of Jesus Christ to fit within the feudal Saxon society and precursory Nordic mythology. This contribution focuses on the Saxon rendering of the Lord’s Prayer as it is situated in the (...) context of the Sermon on the Mount. Several key differences between the Saxon version and its biblical original are pointed out. These mirror and illustrate the attempt of the anonymous author to inculturate Jesus’ message. Finally, it is shown how, by some subtle phrases in the text of the Heliand, the poet of the Heliand is including his Saxon audience to fit themselves spiritually into the biblical story. Through the Heliand, Jesus seems to speak directly to its readers, thus stimulating a transformation of the reader-or hearer-himself. (shrink)

In the discussion of religion and art, it is quite difficult to exactly define what makes art ‘religious’. In this article, the author suggest six different perspectives in which a work of art—any work of art—could be interpreted as ‘religious’, as an embodiment of the complex relationship between art and religion. These perspectives are not mutually exclusive: one and the same art work could be approached on multiple levels at once. Nor do they disqualify other methodologies of studying art and (...) religion. These perspectives provide conceptual windows to understand what people (could) mean when they discuss religious art. The six perspectives are: (1) material, (2) contextual, (3) referential, (4) reflexive, (5) ritual, and (6) existential. They vary from the more or less objective to the more subjective, and as such from artist-intended to viewer/listener-perceived (with or without help of clues provided by the artist and/or the object itself). The author illustrates who these different perspectives can vary in defining certain pieces of art as religious by using three very different case studies: the Isenheimer Altarpiece, one of Hugo Ball’s famous sound poems, and the digital game Child of Light. (shrink)

Asylum-seeking and refugee women (ASRW) are population groups characterized by diverse social, economic and legal backgrounds as well as diverse needs. Their backgrounds of forced migration have a profound impact on their overall health, including their sexual and reproductive health (SRH). In Europe, the SRH needs of ASRW are usually more pressing than those of the host country population. In the context of refugee health, it is important to distinguish between asylum seekers and statutory refugees, as asylum seekers have distinct (...) needs and often limited rights in their host country. Yet both groups face many barriers in accessing national health services. This article addresses the issue of entitlements to health services for asylum-seeking women in Europe, and highlights the wide range of difficulties of both asylum-seeking and refugee women in accessing (sexual and reproductive) health services. (shrink)

Research based on traditional linear techniques has yet not been able to clearly identify the role of cognitive skills in reading problems, presumably because the process of reading and the factors that are associated with reading reside within a system of multiple interacting and moderating factors that cannot be captured within traditional statistical models. If cognitive skills are indeed indicative of reading problems, the relatively new nonlinear techniques of machine learning should make better predictions. The aim of the present study (...) was to investigate whether cognitive factors play any role in reading skill, questioning the extent to what cognitive skills are indicative of present reading level, and the extent to what cognitive skills are indicative of future reading progress. In three studies with varying groups of participants, the results of four supervised machine learning techniques were compared to the traditional General Linear Models technique. Results of all models appeared to be comparable, producing poor to acceptable results, which are however inadequate for making a thorough prediction of reading development. Assumably, cognitive skills are not predictive of reading problems, although they do correlate with one another. This insight has consequences for scientific theories of reading development, as well as for the prevention and remediation of reading difficulties. (shrink)

Introducción, traducción y notas de C. Eggers Lan y V. E. Juliá. Revisada por A. del Pozo Ortiz.

Scientific theories are pure theoretical models integrated by a categorical scaffolding. Marx built a pure theoretical model that he called the capitalist mode of production; the historicity of its categories expresses the modes of production from which the capitalist comes and others that followed different paths. It also implies the existence of social formations in which a dominant mode of production and dominated forms of production coexist. The agrarian community is the highest form reached in the community entity and from (...) it comes the peasant economic unit generated in the parcelling of the land during the ancient form and gestation of capitalism, which is why the construction of a peasant mode of production does not proceed. (shrink)

Pedro Laín Entralgo ha sido conocido a través de su interés personal por la historia, sobre todo por la de la medicina. Sin embargo, es claro que detrás de ello lo que se percibe es una preocupación por la real comprensión de lo que llamamos Historia, así con mayúscula, como él mismo lo escribe. De tal manera que Laín la concibe estrechamente relacionada con el hecho social y con la situación biológica del ser humano. Porque siendo el hombre tempóreo le (...) resulta muy difícil dejar de hacer parte de esta realidad. Pero la realidad histórica debe comprenderse como condición previa del hombre que debe ser asumida desde la libertad y la responsabilidad. Además, la pertenencia a un grupo humano le hace sugerir la idea de generación; es decir, un grupo de personas cercanas en ideas y en edad que desde esa libertad asumen algunos rasgos comunes en aquello que de proyecto tiene su propio acontecer; y este proyectar se puede evidenciar en su biografía. De tal manera que al compartir de modo aproximado el mismo espacio-tiempo y los mismos ideales, tal grupo humano se puede inscribir en un mismo sentido de responsabilidad histórico-social determinado. Laín no escapa a este compromiso y se siente responsable de una culpa histórica ante la historia de su Patria. Por eso su ejercicio conciliador. (shrink)

Against the backdrop of recent scholarship related to Deuteronomy 26:5–11, the influential hypothesis formulated by Gerhard von Rad that this verse entails a ‘small historical creed’ will be re-evaluated. In addition to recent Old Testament scholarship, attention will be paid to migrant theory and a rereading of 26:5–11. It will be suggested that this ‘creed’ addressed the identity concerns of returning migrants or exiles from Babylon, as well as the peasant farmers who remained behind in Palestine. Thus, the creed is (...) not understood as an early cultic starting point of a theological tradition, but as a later synthesising framework that responded to theological challenges and tensions prevalent in Persian Yehud. (shrink)

The article suggests an ethical-anthropological reading of Thoughts, magna opera of the French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal, which was published after his death by his relatives and friends. Such a reading is presented in three moments: Firstly, an anthropological description aimed at answering the question ‘who is man?’; secondly, an analysis of Pascal’s erotic condition; and, finally, an ethical proposal as cura amoris. The main argument of the article is that every human being has a motivation in acting, that (...) of love and being loved. Thus, having a happy or unhappy life depends on the care for this erotic condition, and the latter is achieved through thought. (shrink)

El hilemorfismo como doctrina aristotélicotomista ha sido asumido a través de los siglos como una superación del dualismo platónico y de los monismos, tanto de carácter materialista como espiritualista, propuestos hasta entonces. Sin embargo, Pedro Laín Entralgo sospecha de esta supuesta superación: ante sus conocimientos el hilemorfismo artistotélicotomista no deja de ser sino un dualismo un tanto disfrazado. Las teorías antropo- metafísicas de Zubiri y Ortega le sirven como sustentación para llevar a cabo tal señalamiento. La concepción del cosmos como (...) dinamismo y la del hombre entendido como su cuerpo hacen afirmar a Laín lo innecesario de un principio espiritual llamado alma. Esto, aunque suene herético, se explica desde la concepción antropológica lainiana que asume al hombre como una estructura dinámica que incorpora en sí los rasgos de un ente excepcional: es consciente de su ser y de que en su finitud aspira a la eternidad pues ha sido creado por un Hacedor que es eterno. En esta creencia deposita su esperanza y esta le hace entenderse como un ser futurizo, cuyos proyectos, espera, no fracasarán. (shrink)

El pensamiento de Nicolás Gómez Dávila (Bogotá, 1913-1994), es un gran ausente en el concierto académico de nuestra Nación. Se quiere hacer aquí una presentación de sus principales presupuestos, para sopesar la riqueza argumentativa que podría avalar un verdadero pensamiento filosófico de nuestra tierra. Revisar sus posturas personales, frente a asuntos tales como la crítica a la democracia (a favor de la Aristocracia), la racionalidad moderna, el cristianismo, entre otros, pueden servirnos hoy como excusa para contactar con un erudito que, (...) si bien no dejó una larga producción, sí hizo una interesantísima producción de escolios y textos, que podrían inquietar a todo amigo del saber. A través de sus escritos, se puede observar la mirada crítica de un hombre formado en la tradición: Filósofo, cristiano, políglota, reaccionario confeso. Sin embargo, se logra adivinar en él un matiz de innovación, que vuelve apasionante la experiencia de la lectura de sus obras. Así, Gómez Dávila reta a su lector a saber más, desde su lenguaje exquisito tienta a descubrir aún más... desde el escolio, nos sugiere lo novedoso, teniendo como base la tradición del pensamiento que él mismo conoce al extremo. (shrink)

RESUMEN Se hace un breve recuento sobre la mujer en la filosofia y la crítica a la visión patriarcal predominante en la filosofía, en particular se resalta a la filósofa María Zambrano como filósofa del siglo XX y su pensamiento político, como un giro en la mirada de lo que hasta el momento se ha destacado en su obra. Se desarrolla el contenido a partir de una introducción y cuatro apartados, en los que se aborda una reflexión sobre el género (...) como constructo cultural, cargado de sentidos de lo masculino y femenino, y se plantea asimismo la relación con el lugar de la mujer en la filosofía. Luego se centra la exposición en María Zambrano y su filosofía, en la búsqueda de la comprensión de su pensamiento, sosteniendo la importancia que tiene el reconocimiento de su vida y obra a partir de su contexto histórico. En las conclusiones se muestran los matices en la filosofía zambraniana, la multiplicidad de lecturas e interpretaciones que pueden hacerse de la misma. ABSTRACT This paper presents a brief historical account of woman in philosophy and the critique to the patriarchal vision predominant in philosophy. Maria Zambrano is highlighted as a twentieth-century philosopher as well as her political thought, marking a change of direction in the look at what so far has been highlighted in her work. The content, an introduction and four sections, addresses gender as a cultural construct plenty of masculine and feminine meanings and its relationship to women's role in philosophy. Then, the paper focuses on Maria Zambrano and her philosophy, looking for understanding her thought, keeping in mind the importance of recognizing her life and work from its historical context. In the conclusions the nuances in the Zambranian philosophy and the multiplicity of readings and interpretations that can be made of it are shown. (shrink)

Laura Montoya Upegui identifica la compasión como un sentimiento que mueve a la acción. Es una lección útil dirigida a la transformación social. En medio de las dificultades, optó por la reflexión y la evaluación de los eventos inesperados en la condición humana para dirigir la mirada hacia la vida buena. Cuando es calumniada, identifica y acepta las emociones sociales e individuales, alejándose del miedo. Ella comprende que en el desarrollo humano, lo material y lo espiritual no se excluyen. En (...) la actualidad, existe una fuerte tensión política en Colombia que reclama de la sensibilidad social y los propósitos comunes. Como lo plantea Nussbaum, y según las vivencias de Santa Laura Montoya, la compasión, la esperanza práctica y la visión imaginativa pueden guiar el camino hacia el desarrollo humano. (shrink)

Confusion concerning the issue of universality of colour categorization would greatly diminish if context regains its fundamental status in psychological research and we give up on the reductionist notion that biological universality implies behavioral universality.

The demand for integrating and sharing heterogeneous data online has attracted the interest of cultural institutions in making information access and retrieval more effective via Semantic Web technologies. The present study proposes a digital repository for 3D scans of modernist sculptures in public spaces in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with a view to ensuring access, use, reuse and preservation of this information. This is a qualitative exploratory experimental study based on the scientific literature and specific empirical material. (...) It presents the analysis results of vocabularies for physical artifact documents and their digital counterparts on the Semantic Web and a discussion on how these align with the nature of the metadata determined here, as well as a metadata modeling prototype implemented on the Tainacan platform and aimed at cataloging digital 3D replicas. We claim that the proposed model for documenting cultural heritage assets on Tainacan is easy to implement, in that it uses accessible technology with a wide internet user base, highly expressive in its descriptions of 3D and multimedia content and based on well-established metadata and ontology standards recommended by regulatory bodies and communities such as the World Wide Web Consortium and International Organization for Standardization. Keywords: networked heritage documents, digital repositories, 3D digitization, semantic annotation. (shrink)

El derecho humano al medio ambiente sano se inscribe dentro de los derechos llamados de solidaridad, por lo que el alcance de la esfera de titularidad y observancia es colectivo. La innovación de acceso a la justicia del derecho al medio ambiente sano por la vía colectiva, trajo importantes reformas en la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos y a los ordenamientos jurídicos secundarios, al introducir nuevas figuras y conceptos jurídicos, lo cual rediseñó la culturización de la práctica jurídica (...) en el país y la acción para efectivizar el acceso a la justicia de este derecho. (shrink)

We reconsider the Myerson value and the position value for communication situations. In case the underlying game is a unanimity game, we show that each of these values can be computed using the inclusion--exclusion principle. Linearity of both values permits us to calculate them without needing the dividends of the induced games (graph-restricted game and link game). The expression of these dividends is only derived in the existing literature for special communication situations. Moreover, the associated inclusion--exclusion decomposability property depends on (...) what we have called the graph allocation rule. This rule is the relative degree (relative indicator) for the position value (Myerson value). (shrink)

La presente reflexión tiene por objetivo central aportar, desde la teoría científico-filosófica sobre el cuerpo humano construida por Pedro Laín Entralgo, una propuesta antropológica que posibilite el diálogo con el transhumanismo tecnocientífico. A nivel metodológico, el texto se ha estructurado en dos momentos. En el primero, se hace una revisión de la situación (sitius) del cuerpo de cara al transhumanismo info, para luego, en un segundo momento, aportar (locus), desde la obra lainiana, una concepción antropológica integral. Se espera que, al (...) pensar la materia desde un dinamismo estructural que hace de la realidad corpórea una unidad psico-orgánica capaz de decir “yo” (persona), se pueda establecer un cuestionamiento profundo a la concepción antropológica propuesta por el transhumanismo info, para la cual, el cuerpo orgánico es materia inútil de la que es necesario liberarse para superar los límites de la biología. (shrink)

Among various issues that concern human beings, there are a few that are of current interest and have really grabbed our attention: love for nature, environmental defense, and worries about Biodiversity and Biosecurity. The article considers one particular aspect regarding the bioethical concern of using animals in experiments that might benefit both humans and animals. The problematic aspect of the bioethical use of animals in scientific experimentation has been and will remain crucial for human life. Additionally, the results of this (...) type of research could contribute to animal welfare, which have an impact on public health. (shrink)